substerno Latin · revision 33190

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *st(e)r-n-h₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊpˈstɛr.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [subˈstɛr.no]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''substernō''' (present infinitive substernere, perfect active substrāvī, supine substrātum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sub-|sternō|t1=under|t2=to spread, strew]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|sternō]] to [[itc-pro|*sterna-]] and [[ine-pro|*st(e)r-n-h₃-|t=to spread, strew]], cognate with [[sa|स्तृणाति|tr=str̥ṇā́ti|t=to spread out]] and [[grc|στόρνυμι|tr=stórnumi|t=to spread]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cato,^(de Vaan 2008) who tells the farmer to spread bedding under the sheep.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to spread something out underneath, as bedding: Terence has the command to take boughs and spread them out, and Lucretius the sea stretched out under the heavens.^(OLD 2012) Catullus uses it of arms laid under a neck, a gesture of yielding.^(OLD 2012) Varro has a floor strewn with chaff, and Cicero hens that line their nests softly.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to lay something before another, to give it up or surrender it: Cicero has everything bodily placed beneath the soul, and Suetonius a woman's chastity given up to someone.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato, of bedding for sheep.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence, of spreading out boughs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of the sea spread under the sky.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro, of a floor strewn with chaff.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus, of arms laid under a neck.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To spread out underneath as [[m|en|bedding]] or an [[m|en|underlay]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To spread one's body or limbs under, in yielding.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|strew]] or cover with material forming an underlay.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To place beneath, submit; to give up, [[m|en|surrender]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[substrāmen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sternō]]

+ * [[strātum]]

+ * [[strāmentum]]

+ * [[cōnsternō#1]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}