excoquo Latin · revision 33173

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *pekʷ-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɛk.skɔ.kʷoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛk.sko.kʷo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''excoquō''' (present infinitive excoquere, perfect active excoxī, supine excoctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|coquō|t2=to cook]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|coquō]] to [[itc-pro|*kʷekʷe/o-|t=to cook]] and [[ine-pro|*pekʷ-e/o-|t=to cook]], cognate with [[grc|πέσσω|tr=péssō|t=to cook]] and [[sa|पचन्ति|tr=pácanti|t=they cook]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it first in Plautus and Cato.^(TLL) In Plautus' ''Captivi'' someone's wealth is called rich enough to boil the tallow out of, and Cato has boiling a liquid down by half.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is to remove by boiling or heat, to boil away or extract by cooking or smelting.^(OLD 2012) It is also to cook thoroughly, as Varro's roast meat with little juice, and to heat thoroughly, melt down or smelt, as Vitruvius' carbuncle made from matter baked through; fire hardens iron.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius has the sun drying out the earth.^(OLD 2012) The TLL notes that it is missing in many authors, among them Cicero, Sallust and Livy, and that it lives on in Provençal and in [[es|escocer]].^(TLL) Stelten gives “refine, boil down, burn out; destroy”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of boiling out fat.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato, of boiling down.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of the sun drying the earth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius, of smelting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To boil or burn away; to extract by cooking or [[m|en|smelt|alt=smelting]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To produce by cooking or heating.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To cook thoroughly; to heat thoroughly, melt down; to harden by heat, [[m|en|temper]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To dry up, [[m|en|parch]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[excoctio]]

+ * [[inexcoctus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[coquō]]

+ * [[coctus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}