gratificor Latin · revision 33172

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɡraːˈtɪ.fɪ.kɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ɡraˈtiː.fi.kor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''grātificor''' (present infinitive grātificārī, perfect active grātificātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ An active ''grātificō'' is found in Late Latin.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|grātus|-ficus|-ō|t1=pleasing]], “to make pleasing”;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) the TLL compares the phrase “grātum facere alicui” “to do someone a favour”.^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|grātus]] to [[itc-pro|*gʷrāto-|t=grateful]] and [[ine-pro|*gʷrH-to-|t=praised in song]],^(de Vaan 2008) and Wiktionary traces ⟨-ficus⟩, from [[m|la|faciō|t=to make]], to [[ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short's instances begin with Cicero,^(Lewis & Short 1879) who writes in a letter of people who think they are pleasing Pompey.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to oblige or gratify a person, as Cicero has of freedom when the people may do good men a favour, and of a god who bestows nothing on anyone.^(Lewis & Short 1879) With an object it is to bestow something as a favour, or to give it up, as Cicero's man who was too free in giving away rights.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy and Tacitus also use it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL notes an active ''grātificō'' from the old Latin Bible on,^(TLL) and the Vulgate has ''grātificāvit'' in Ephesians 1:6;^(Lewis & Short 1879) Augustine says it is said from ''grātia''.^(TLL) English [[m|en|gratify]] comes from it, from about 1400.^(Etymonline) Stelten gives “gratify, oblige”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of obliging and of bestowing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of being complaisant.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate, in an active form.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English [[m|en|gratify]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To show kindness to, [[m|en|oblige]], [[m|en|gratify]], humour.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To bestow as a favour, make a present of; to give up, sacrifice.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[grātus]]

+ * [[grātificātiō]]

+ * [[en|gratify]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}