pervigil Latin · revision 33169

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=43 BC–18 AD, Ovid|origins=ine-pro *u̯eǵ-l-i-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pervigil''' (genitive pervigilis); third-declension one-termination adjective^(OLD 2012)

+ Apuleius has a feminine nominative ''pervigilis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD takes it as [[af|la|per-|vigil|t1=thoroughly|t2=awake, watchful]],^(OLD 2012) while the TLL explains it as a back-formation from [[m|la|pervigilō|t=to stay awake all night]].^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|vigil]] to [[itc-pro|*wegli-]] and [[ine-pro|*u̯eǵ-l-i-|t=strong]], from the root of [[m|la|vigeō|t=to thrive]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler finds it first in Ovid,^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Metamorphoses'' has the ever-watchful dragon put to sleep with herbs.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that it is poetic and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is keeping watch all night or all the time, and Statius uses it of a fire that is never let go out.^(OLD 2012) It is also sleepless all night, as Ovid's daughter of Cinyras burning with love, and of things lasting the whole night, as Seneca's night given to Bacchus.^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Younger pairs it with ''insomnis'' “sleepless”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Medieval Latin it is used figuratively, “vigilant”.^(Niermeyer 1976) Stelten gives “very or ever watchful”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of a watchful dragon.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca, of a night-long festival.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius, of an undying fire.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Keeping watch all night or always, ever [[m|en|watchful]], [[m|en|vigilant]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # Awake or [[m|en|sleepless]] all night; lasting all night.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vigil]]

+ * [[pervigilō]]

+ * [[pervigilium]]

+ * [[vigeō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}