turgeo Latin · revision 33161

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈtʊr.ɡe.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈtur.d͡ʒe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''turgeō''' (present infinitive turgēre, perfect active tursī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+ The perfect ''tursī'' is found only in Ennius, and Pliny the Elder has a spelling ''turgue-''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan finds no clear etymology: its meaning would allow a link with [[m|la|obtūrō|t=to stop up]], but he thinks a verb made from an adjective ⟨*tūr-ago-⟩ “swelling”, one of Walde and Hofmann's suggestions, unlikely.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary reports Pokorny's derivation from [[ine-pro|*tewh₂-|t=to swell]], which de Vaan rejects, and Martirosyan's comparison with [[xcl|թուրծ|tr=tʻurc|t=cheek]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan finds it first in Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who in the ''Casina'' uses it of a wife swelling with anger against her husband.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Literally it is to be swollen or distended, as Cato has of a swollen spleen and Ennius of the Cyclops' belly, in the only instance of the perfect ⟨tursī⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Virgil uses it of buds swelling on the vine.^(OLD 2012) Besides anger, it is used of an inflated style, as the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' says that bombastic speech often seems weighty to the unskilled.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is mostly poetic and not in Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein contrasts it with ''tumeō'': ''turgēre'' is a real fullness, ''tumēre'' a swelling with nothing inside.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of swelling with anger.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius, of a swollen belly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato, of a swollen spleen.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of swelling buds.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be swollen, [[m|en|swell]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of plants, to swell with sap or new growth.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To swell with [[m|en|anger]] against someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of style, to be inflated, [[m|en|bombastic]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[turgēscō]]

+ * [[turgidus]]

+ * [[turgor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[turgidulus]]

+ * [[obtūrō]]

+ * [[tumeō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}