insperatus Latin · revision 33149

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *spéh₁-s}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ĩː.speːˈraː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [in.speˈraː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īnspērātus''' (feminine īnspērāta, neuter īnspērātum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|spērātus|t2=hoped for]], the negative prefix and the participle of [[m|la|spērō|t=to hope]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The verb is made from [[m|la|spēs|t=hope]], which de Vaan traces to [[ine-pro|*spéh₁-s|t=prosperity]], cognate with [[lt|spė́ti|t=to be in time, be capable]] and [[ang|spōwan|t=to prosper]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it first in Plautus and Terence;^(TLL) Plautus' ''Menaechmi'' has someone praying to the gods for an unhoped-for hope, and the ''Mostellaria'' says that unhoped-for things happen more often than what one hopes for.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means not hoped for or unexpected, of things and also of persons, as Plautus has.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero speaks of unexpected and sudden help and of sudden windfalls of money.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of neutral or bad events it means unforeseen, as the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' has of an unforeseen misfortune.^(OLD 2012) ''Ex īnspērātō'' means unexpectedly, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012) It has a superlative but, the TLL notes, no comparative.^(TLL) Stelten gives “unexpected, unhoped for”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of unhoped-for hope.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of unexpected help.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy has ''ex īnspērātō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Not hoped for, [[m|en|unexpected]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of neutral or bad events, [[m|en|unforeseen]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''ex īnspērātō'', unexpectedly.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[spērō]]

+ * [[spēs]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}