caementum Latin · revision 33140

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *keh₂id-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kae̯ˈmɛn.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [t͡ʃeˈmɛn.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''caementum''' ''n'' (genitive caementī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''cēmentum''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ Ennius has a feminine ''caementa''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|caedō|-mentum|t1=to cut, hew]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*kaid(s)mento-]], and traces [[m|la|caedō]] to [[ine-pro|*keh₂id-|t=to cut, hew]].^(de Vaan 2008) Lewis & Short explain it as contracted from ⟨*caedimentum⟩,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Isidore derived it from cutting, because it rises from hewn stone.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Ennius,^(de Vaan 2008) who has a feminine form ''caementa'' in a tragedy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the small stones or rubble used to make a kind of concrete, mostly in the plural: Cato prescribes walls of lime and rubble, and Sisenna a town wall built low with rubble.^(OLD 2012) As a collective singular it appears in Cicero's ''De divinatione'' and in Vitruvius, who says the rubble should be broken from flint.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short describe it as rough stone as it comes from the quarry, or marble chips.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) In Church and Medieval Latin it is cement or mortar, and also lime.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|cement]] comes from it through Old French, about 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius has the feminine ''caementa''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato, of walls of lime and rubble.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius, of rubble of flint.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – [[m|en|cement]] appears in English, through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(chiefly plural)'' Rough stone, [[m|en|rubble]], used in walls and concrete; chips of marble.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical and Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|cement|alt=Cement]], [[m|en|mortar]]; lime.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[caementa]]

+ * [[caementārius]]

+ * [[caementīcius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[caedō]]

+ * [[en|cement]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}