tumesco Latin · revision 33133

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *tum-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [tʊˈmeːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [tuˈmɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tumēscō''' (present infinitive tumēscere, perfect active tumuī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|tumeō|-scō|t1=to swell]], an inchoative.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces [[m|la|tumeō]] to [[ine-pro|*tum-eh₁-|t=to be swelling]], cognate with [[lt|tumėti|t=to become thick]] and [[sa|तुम्र|tr=túmra|t=strong, thick]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero's verse translation of Aratus has the sea swelling suddenly and deeply.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to begin to swell or become swollen: Ovid has a swelling womb and puffed-up necks, Virgil and Ovid seas swelling with wind, and Tacitus wounds.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Vitruvius uses it of an aqueduct rising gently over a long stretch.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively a mind swells with pride or passion, as in Quintilian,^(OLD 2012) and wars swell in secret, as Virgil says of hidden revolts.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short find it in poetry and post-Augustan prose.^(Lewis & Short 1879) For the perfect, the OLD refers to [[m|la|tumeō]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of the swelling sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of seas and of hidden wars.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian, of a mind swelling with conceit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To begin to [[m|en|swell]], become distended or swollen.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To swell with pride or passion; to gather force, come to a head.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[contumesco]]

+ * [[dētumēscō]]

+ * [[intumēscō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tumeō]]

+ * [[tumidus]]

+ * [[tumor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}