lamentor Latin · revision 33124

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *leh₂-mn-to-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɫaːˈmɛn.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [laˈmɛn.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lāmentor''' (present infinitive lāmentārī or lāmentārier, perfect active lāmentātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the infinitive ''lāmentārier''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ An active ''lāmentō'' is also recorded.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|lāmenta|-or|t1=wailing, laments]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|lāmenta]] to [[itc-pro|*lāmnto-|t=howling]] and [[ine-pro|*leh₂-mn-to-|t=howling, crying]], the root of [[m|la|lātrō|t=to bark]], with cognates such as [[lt|lóti|t=to bark]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius and Plautus use it first:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) the ''Annals'' have someone who laments in his heart,^(OLD 2012) and Plautus joins it with being tormented.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Intransitively it is to cry out in grief, to wail: Plautus and Terence use it so,^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero says an orator can make stones weep and wail,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Suetonius joins it with beating the breast.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Transitively it is to lament for: Plautus' character bewails sixty minae, a character in Terence his dead mother,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Cicero calls this life a death he could lament, and speaks of no one being left to mourn the disaster of so great an empire.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pacuvius says a man should complain of bad fortune, not lament it, since weeping belongs to a woman's nature.^(Lewis & Short 1879) With an accusative and infinitive it is to complain that: in Plautus, when someone laments he has no money, he is told to complain to his stepmother;^(OLD 2012) Horace has poets lamenting that their labours go unnoticed.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Silius Italicus uses the participle passively, of fates long bewailed through the city.^(OLD 2012) The TLL also records an active ''lāmentō''.^(TLL) Döderlein ranks the words for weeping: ''lacrimāre'' is to shed tears, ''plōrāre'' to wail aloud, with ''flēre'' between them.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of lamenting in one's heart.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of wailing and bewailing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of lamenting a dead mother.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of lamenting a disaster.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To cry out in grief, [[m|en|wail]], [[m|en|lament]], [[m|en|moan]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To lament for, [[m|en|bewail]], bemoan;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''(with accusative and infinitive)'' to complain that.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lāmentābilis]]

+ * [[lāmentātiō]]

+ * [[lāmentātor]]

+ * [[lāmentātrīx]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lāmenta]]

+ * [[lāmentum]]

+ * [[lātrō]]

+ * [[plōrō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}