exulcero Latin · revision 33121

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *h₁elḱ-os}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈsʊɫ.kɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eɡˈzul̠ʲ.t͡ʃe.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exulcerō''' (present infinitive exulcerāre, perfect active exulcerāvī, supine exulcerātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|ulcerō|t2=to make sore]], from [[m|la|ulcus|t=sore, ulcer]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|ulcus]] to [[itc-pro|*elkos]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁elḱ-os|t=ulcer]], with cognates such as [[grc|ἕλκος|tr=hélkos|t=wound, ulcer]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Varro uses it first, in ''De re rustica'', of insects that usually make a dog's ears sore.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to make raw or sore, to cause to ulcerate: Celsus speaks of the skin and the bowels, Columella of the womb, and Pliny the Elder of the stomach and of scars;^(Lewis & Short 1879) Celsus also says that any jolting causes ulcers.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder once uses it in the opposite sense, of vine leaves that clear the body of sores.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to wound the feelings: Cicero says he was made sore by the suspicions of certain men,^(OLD 2012) and speaks of an embittered mind in which a false charge easily lodges;^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy has the anger of embittered minds.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to make worse, aggravate: Cicero says some speakers aggravate the weak points they cannot heal,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Pliny the Younger uses it of grief.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of sore ears.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of wounded feelings and aggravated weaknesses.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of sore skin.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of the stomach and of scars.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make raw or sore, [[m|en|inflame]]; to cause to [[m|en|ulcerate]] or [[m|en|suppurate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To wound the feelings of, [[m|en|embitter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To make worse, [[m|en|aggravate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To free from sores.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exulcerātiō]]

+ * [[exulcerātōrius]]

+ * [[exulcerātrix]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ulcus]]

+ * [[ulcerō]]

+ * [[exacerbō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}