praegravis Latin · revision 33118

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=43 BC–18 AD, Ovid|origins=ine-pro *gʷreh₂-u-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈprae̯.ɡra.wɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈprɛː.ɡra.vis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praegravis''' (neuter praegrave); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|prae-|t=before; very]] and [[m|la|gravis|t=heavy]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|gravis]] to [[itc-pro|*gwra(w)u-]] and [[ine-pro|*gʷreh₂-u-|t=heavy]], with cognates such as [[grc|βαρύς|tr=barús|t=heavy]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL reads it from Ovid and Livy on;^(TLL) Ovid's ''Heroides'' speak of a very heavy burden.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means exceptionally heavy: Livy has a man over sixty and very heavy in body, Pliny the Elder a heavy head, Martial a heavy wave,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) and Tacitus soldiers heavy with food and wine.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder has a partridge pretending to be heavy or lame.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Curtius Rufus uses it of a column weighed down with baggage.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is burdensome: in Curtius an empire too heavy is dangerous, since what cannot be grasped is hard to hold,^(OLD 2012) and Pliny the Younger speaks of refusing a third consulship as too burdensome.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of persons Tacitus uses it of men very troublesome to the emperor, as one who had been a burden to Nero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short call it mostly poetic and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL notes it has no comparative or superlative and is often confused with [[pergravis]] in manuscripts.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a heavy burden.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a man heavy in body.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 1st century AD – Curtius Rufus of a burdensome empire.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of men troublesome to the emperor.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Exceptionally [[m|en|heavy]]; weighed down;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''(of the body)'' heavy, clumsy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Very heavy to bear, [[m|en|burdensome]], [[m|en|oppressive]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''(of persons)'' very troublesome.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gravis]]

+ * [[praegravō]]

+ * [[pergravis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}