exactor Latin · revision 33099

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 50 BC, Caesar|origins=ine-pro *h₂eǵ-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈsaːk.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eɡˈzak.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exāctor''' ''m'' (genitive exāctōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|exigō|-tor|t1=to drive out; demand]], built on the stem ⟨exāct-⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) [[m|la|exigō]] is a compound of [[m|la|ex-]] and [[m|la|agō|t=to drive]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*ag-e/o-|t=to do, act]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂eǵ-e/o-|t=to drive, lead]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Caesar uses it in the ''Civil War'' of the tax-gatherers who swarmed through a province and served their own profit as well as the levies;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates it from Livy.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From [[m|la|exigō]] "drive out" it means one who expels: Livy calls the Junii and Valerii the expellers of the kings.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From "demand" it is a collector of taxes or debts, as in Caesar and Livy and in the jurists,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) one who exacts a punishment, an executioner, in Livy and Tacitus,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and one who insists on conduct: Seneca writes of a strict exactor of virtues, and Quintilian and Suetonius of a demanding master of correct speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also an overseer of work, as in Columella and in Livy, where a general goes round like an overseer.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that it is not in Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Stelten gives "tax collector, oppressor" for Church Latin,^(Stelten 1995) and in Medieval Latin it is a tax-collector, an officer who exacts dues and services, and a toll-gatherer.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of tax-gatherers in a province.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of the expellers of the kings and of an executioner.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of an exactor of virtue.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of an overseer of work.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # One who drives out, an [[m|en|expeller]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|collector]] of taxes or debts, [[m|en|tax collector]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # One who exacts a penalty, an [[m|en|executioner]]; one who insists on conduct.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # An [[m|en|overseer]], supervisor of work.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An officer who exacts dues and services; a toll-gatherer.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exigō]]

+ * [[exāctiō]]

+ * [[agō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}