armus Latin · revision 33095

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂erH-mo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈar.mʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈar.mus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''armus''' ''m'' (genitive armī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ar(a)mo-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂erH-mo-|t=arm]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan prefers this full-grade form, since a zero grade would have given ⟨*ramus⟩ in Latin, but he cannot completely exclude it.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|ईर्म|tr=īrmá-|t=arm, shoulder]] and [[prg|irmo|t=arm]], and with English [[m|en|arm]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler find it first in Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in a fragment where someone says that like a wolf he is strong in the shoulders but has broken haunches.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the forequarter or shoulder of an animal, as opposed to [[umerus]], the shoulder of a man, and also its side.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Horace uses it of a shoulder joint for the table, the forequarters of a pregnant hare.^(OLD 2012) In poetry it is used of a man's shoulder: Virgil has the exclamation "what a brave breast and shoulders!"^(OLD 2012) Döderlein describes it as the top of the upper arm in people and the foreleg in beasts, the shoulder as part of the body.^(Döderlein 1874) The ''Mulomedicina Chironis'' has a third-declension plural ''armora''.^(TLL) Stelten gives "shoulder" for Church Latin.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a wolf's shoulders.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a man's shoulders.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of a hare's forequarters.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The forequarter or [[m|en|shoulder]] of an animal; its side; a shoulder joint as food.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' The shoulder of a person.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[armillum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[armilla]]

+ * [[umerus]]

+ * [[en|arm]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}