turgidus Latin · revision 33085

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la turgeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈtʊr.ɡɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈtur.d͡ʒi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''turgidus''' (feminine turgida, neuter turgidum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|turgeō|-idus|t1=to swell]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan finds no clear etymology for [[m|la|turgeō]]; he thinks a link with [[m|la|obtūrō|t=to block]] is possible.^(de Vaan 2008) Etymonline calls the verb of unknown origin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler find it first in Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Miles gloriosus'' uses it of swollen eyes.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means swollen or distended: Cicero speaks of a swollen and inflamed limb, Martial of swollen lips, and Pliny the Elder of a man swollen with water under the skin.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of water it means risen or swollen, as Horace's rivers swollen with winter snow.^(OLD 2012) Apuleius uses it figuratively of people swollen with passion or frenzy.^(OLD 2012) Of style it means inflated or high-flown: Horace mocks a turgid poet who murders Memnon.^(OLD 2012) Stelten gives "turgid, swollen" for Church Latin.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|turgid]] came from it in the 1610s; its use of prose dates from 1725.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of swollen eyes.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a swollen limb.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of swollen rivers and a turgid poet.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius of frenzy.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 1610s – [[m|en|turgid]] appears in English.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|swollen|alt=Swollen]], distended;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(of water)'' swollen, risen.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Inflamed with passion or frenzy.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of style)'' Inflated, high-flown, [[m|en|bombastic]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[turgidulus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[turgeō]]

+ * [[turgēscō]]

+ * [[turgor]]

+ * [[tumidus]]

+ * [[en|turgid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}