pertinaciter Latin · revision 33078

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *tn-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pertināciter''' (comparative pertinācius, superlative pertinācissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|pertināx|-ter|t1=tenacious, stubborn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) [[m|la|pertināx]] is made from [[m|la|per-]] and [[m|la|tenāx|t=tenacious]], from [[m|la|teneō|t=to hold]],^(Wiktionary) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*t(e)nē-]] and [[ine-pro|*tn-eh₁-|t=to hold]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Varro uses it in his work on farming, saying that one should not keep stubbornly to the ox one has trained to the right-hand side.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it from Hirtius.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means stubbornly, with an obstinate refusal to give way: Plancus, writing to Cicero, fears seeming too stubbornly offended with Lepidus.^(OLD 2012) It also means persistently, through thick and thin, as in Varro.^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder uses the superlative literally, of quicksilver clinging most tenaciously to gold leaf.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of keeping stubbornly to one ox.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 50 BC – Hirtius.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of quicksilver clinging to gold leaf.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # With a firm hold, [[m|en|tenaciously]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|stubbornly|alt=Stubbornly]], obstinately, determinedly; persistently.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pertinax]]

+ * [[pertinācia]]

+ * [[teneō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}