fulmino Latin · revision 33074

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=ine-pro *bʰlg-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfʊɫ.mɪ.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈful.mi.no]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fulminō''' (present infinitive fulmināre, perfect active fulmināvī, supine fulminātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|fulmen|-ō|t1=lightning, thunderbolt]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|fulmen]] from an earlier ⟨*fulgmen⟩, made from [[m|la|fulgō|t=to flash]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*folg-e/o-|t=to shine]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰlg-e/o-|t=to shine]], the root of [[grc|φλέγω|tr=phlégō|t=to burn]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citation is Virgil's ''Georgics'', of lightning from the quarter of the fierce north wind.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is used impersonally, ''fulminat'', "lightning strikes", and personally of Jupiter or the sky hurling lightning;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short call it poetic and post-Augustan, beside classical [[fulgeō]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca contrasts the force needed for lightning flashes with that needed for a thunderbolt.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means to flash fiercely, as a woman's eyes in Propertius.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it means to strike like lightning: Virgil has Caesar thundering in war by the Euphrates.^(OLD 2012) In the passive it means to be struck by lightning, as in Pliny the Elder,^(OLD 2012) and figuratively to be thunderstruck.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of lightning and of Caesar thundering in war.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius of flashing eyes.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca on lightning and thunderbolts.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of people struck by lightning.^(OLD 2012)

+ * early 15th century – [[m|en|fulminate]] appears in English for a thundering denunciation.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(impersonal)'' Lightning strikes;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''(of Jupiter, the sky)'' to hurl [[m|en|lightning]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To flash fiercely.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To strike like lightning, spread sudden disaster.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(passive)'' To be struck by lightning;^(OLD 2012) ''(figurative)'' to be [[m|en|thunderstruck]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[diffulminō]]

+ * [[fulminātiō]]

+ * [[fulminātor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fulmen]]

+ * [[fulgō]]

+ * [[fulgur]]

+ * [[en|fulminate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}