barbaricus Latin · revision 33060

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=grc βαρβαρικός}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [barˈba.rɪ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [barˈbaː.ri.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''barbaricus''' (feminine barbarica, neuter barbaricum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|βαρβαρικός|tr=barbarikós]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) from [[m|grc|βάρβαρος|tr=bárbaros|t=foreign]].^(Etymonline) Köbler refers it to [[m|la|barbarus]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it jokingly of Roman things as a Greek would see them, as ''barbaricā lēge'', "by barbarian law".^(OLD 2012) The OLD's first citation is Ennius' ''ope barbaricā''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means belonging to the world outside Greece and Rome, barbarian, foreign:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ennius has barbarian wealth, a poem of the ''Catalepton'' ascribed to Virgil the trophies of a barbarian battle, and Lucan barbarian cavalry wings.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plautus also uses it of Rome or Italy as a Greek would speak of them.^(OLD 2012) It also means rude, savage or outlandish: in Plautus' ''Casina'' a speaker wants things done elegantly and will have none of barbarian blite.^(OLD 2012) Columella calls a plantation of mixed trees ''silva barbarica''.^(OLD 2012) As a noun, in post-classical Latin, ''barbaricum'' is a foreign land, and Festus says the war cry of an army was called so because barbarians used it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Stelten gives "foreign, barbarian".^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|barbaric]] came from it through French in the late 15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus jokingly of Roman law.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of barbarian wealth.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 39–65 AD – Lucan of barbarian cavalry.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of a mixed plantation.^(OLD 2012)

+ * late 15th century – English [[m|en|barbaric]], from Latin, partly through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|barbarian|alt=Barbarian]], foreign (not Greek or Roman); ''(jocular)'' Roman or Italian, as a Greek would say.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Rude, savage, [[m|en|outlandish]], [[m|en|barbaric]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # (of a plantation) Mixed.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[barbaricarius]]

+ * [[barbaricum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[barbarus]]

+ * [[en|barbaric]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}