lacerna Latin · revision 33057

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la lacer}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɫaˈkɛr.na]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [laˈt͡ʃɛr.na]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lacerna''' ''f'' (genitive lacernae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably [[der|la|lacer|t=torn]], compare [[m|la|lacinia|t=flap of a garment]], as the OLD and the TLL suggest.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Lewis & Short also compare [[grc|ῥάκος|tr=rhákos|t=rag]],^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Wiktionary thinks it probably Etruscan.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Philippics'' mentions someone in shoes and toga, with neither Gallic sandals nor a ''lacerna''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is an open cloak fastened at the shoulder,^(OLD 2012) worn over the toga on journeys or in bad weather.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wearing it in place of the toga was thought improper: Suetonius says Augustus told the aediles to let no one stand in the Forum or the Circus except in the toga, without a ''lacerna'', and Gellius has a man reproached for running about in Gallic sandals and a ''lacerna''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It was worn in the theatre against the weather, sometimes drawn over the head as in Horace, and was usually white, rarely black, as in Martial and Seneca.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Propertius, Ovid and Velleius Paterculus mention it as a soldier's cloak, and Isidore of Seville calls it a fringed cloak once worn only by soldiers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Juvenal has a dirty, torn one.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero in the ''Philippics''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of a cloak drawn over the head.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius on Augustus' ban.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore of Seville of a soldier's fringed cloak.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|cloak]] or [[m|en|mantle]] fastened at the shoulder, worn over the [[m|en|toga]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lacernātus]]

+ * [[lacernula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lacer]]

+ * [[lacinia]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Juvenal's ''Lacerna'' is the name of a rich charioteer.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}