sarmentum Latin · revision 33045

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *s(e)rp-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sarmentum''' ''n'' (genitive sarmentī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sarpō|-mentum|t1=to prune, cut off]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary) The verb goes back to [[itc-pro|*serp-(j)e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*s(e)rp-|t=to cut off]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|ἅρπη|tr=hárpē|t=sickle]] and [[lv|sirpis|t=sickle]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) in whose ''Mostellaria'' one character threatens another: ''iam iubēbō ignem et sarmenta, carnufex, circumdarī'', "now I'll have fire and brushwood put round you, you scoundrel".^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the plural it is cut twigs, loppings (above all from vines) and brushwood;^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that Cicero and Caesar use only the plural.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero has it of vine shoots in ''On Old Age'', Caesar uses it, and Livy has bundles of brushwood and brushwood tied to the horns of oxen.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) In the singular Varro and Columella use it of a growing shoot, especially of the vine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Medieval British writers use it of loppings, of firewood and with reference to the sticks of Acts 28:3.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of brushwood for a fire.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a growing shoot.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of vine shoots.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of vine shoots.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(plural)'' Cut twigs, loppings, especially from vines; [[m|en|brushwood]], [[m|en|faggot|alt=faggots]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(singular)'' A growing twig, [[m|en|shoot]], especially of a vine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sarmenticius]]

+ * [[sarmentōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sarpō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}