response English · revision 3304

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1300|origins=la spondere}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /rɪˈspɒns/, US /rɪˈspɑːns/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|respounse]], later respons,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) [[bor|fro|respons]] (modern French réponse) and directly [[bor|la|respōnsum|t=an answer]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(AHD 2000) the noun use of the neuter past participle of [[m|la|respondēre|t=to respond, answer, promise in return]],^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000) from [[m|la|re-|t=back]] and [[m|la|spondēre|t=to pledge]].^(Etymonline) It is the noun of [[respond]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(AHD 2000)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ An answer or reply: about 1300, in the form respounse;^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) the spelling respons is from before 1338.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In church use a response was first a responsory, from before 1387,^(Barnhart 1988) and then a part of the liturgy said or sung by the congregation in reply to the priest, by 1659.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) An oracle's answer is from 1513.^(OED 1989) The transferred sense, an action or feeling answering to a stimulus, is from 1815, in poetry and psychology,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and the way an apparatus reacts to a stimulus from 1911.^(OED 1989) In bridge a response is a reply to a partner's bid, from 1939.^(OED 1989) ''Response time'' is from 1958.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1300 – an answer, a reply.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * before 1387 – a responsory in the liturgy.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1513 – an oracular answer.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1659 – the congregation's part of the liturgy.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1815 – a reaction to a stimulus.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1911 – the response of an apparatus.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1958 – ''response time''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A spoken or written [[answer]] or [[reply]].^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # A [[reaction]] to something, especially to a [[stimulus]].^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # Words said or sung by the [[congregation]] or [[choir]] in reply to the priest.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+ # ''(bridge)'' A bid made in reply to a partner's bid.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[responseless]]

+ * [[counterresponse]]

+ * [[call-and-response]]

+ * [[cell-mediated immune response]]

+ * [[conditioned response]]

+ * [[immune response]]

+ * [[response time]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[respond]]

+ * [[responsible]]

+ * [[responsibility]]

+ * [[responsion]]

+ * [[responsive]]

+ * [[responsiveness]]

+ * [[responsory]]

+ * [[responsa]]

+ * [[sponsor]]

+ * [[spouse]]

+ * [[correspond]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}