supplementum Latin · revision 33005

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *pleh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊp.pɫeːˈmɛn.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [sup.pleˈmɛn.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''supplēmentum''' ''n'' (genitive supplēmentī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|suppleō|-mentum|t1=to fill up]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) That verb is [[m|la|sub-]] with ⟨-pleō⟩ “to fill”, which de Vaan traces to [[ine-pro|*pleh₁-|t=to fill]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero writes of enrolling a supplement for the legions;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Brutus writes to him that they lack two things, money and reinforcements.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that its classical sense is military, the making up of a body of troops to strength and the reinforcements themselves: Caesar has a man leave the army on the pretext of raising recruits, and Livy uses it often of troops and rowers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) In a general sense, something added to make up a whole, a supplement, it is rare and perhaps post-Augustan: Columella keeps one of twin kids to fill up the flock, and Suetonius has a horn ring as an aid to writing.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Medieval Latin it is support, sustenance and refuge.^(Niermeyer 1976) Church Latin glosses it supply, supplement, fulfilling.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of reinforcements.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of recruiting.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of replenishing a flock.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(military)'' A making up to strength; [[m|en|reinforcement|alt=reinforcements]], recruits.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Something that completes a whole, a [[m|en|supplement]], supply.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Support, sustenance; refuge.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[suppleō]]

+ * [[supplētōrium]]

+ * [[impleo|alt=impleō]]

+ * [[en|supplement]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''complēmentum'', which completes and crowns a thing like a keystone, from ''supplēmentum'', which fills gaps and supplies what is missing.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}