stupor Latin · revision 33003

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=81/79–52/50 BC, Catullus|origins=ine-pro *stup-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈstʊ.pɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈstuː.por]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stupor''' ''m'' (genitive stupōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|stupeō|-or|t1=to be stunned]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan traces that verb to [[itc-pro|*stup-ē-|t=to be stunned]] and [[ine-pro|*stup-eh₁-|t=to hit, push]], and compares [[grc|τύπτω|tr=túptō|t=to hit, strike]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Catullus.^(Köbler 2010) Cicero uses it of the numbness of the senses through which some sick people do not taste the sweetness of food.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is insensibility, numbness, torpor;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short give the synonym ''torpor''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is bewilderment or stupefaction, as Livy's senators held fast by stupor and silence at the outrage, and astonishment or wonder.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is also dullness of mind, stupidity, as when Cicero asks what stupor, or rather madness, has overcome his opponent, and by metonymy a dull person, a clod.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it numbness, stupor, astonishment, stupidity.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|stupor]] dates from the late 14th century, first in medicine.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of numbness and of stupidity.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of stunned silence.^(OLD 2012)

+ * late 14th century – English ''stupor''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Insensibility, numbness, [[m|en|torpor]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Bewilderment, [[m|en|stupefaction]]; astonishment, amazement.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Dullness, [[m|en|stupidity]]; a dull person.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[stuporatus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stupeo|alt=stupeō]]

+ * [[stupidus]]

+ * [[en|stupor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}