genialis Latin · revision 32994

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la genius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɡɛ.niˈaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [d͡ʒe.niˈaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''geniālis''' (neuter geniāle, adverb geniāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|genius|-ālis|t1=guardian spirit]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Etymonline connects [[m|la|genius]] with the root [[ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-|t=to beget]].^(Etymonline) Festus says the genial gods were named from [[gero|alt=gerō]], and lists them as water, earth, fire and air, the seeds of things, with the twelve signs, the moon and the sun.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who speaks of the marriage bed a woman had spread for her daughter's wedding two years before.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is first of or belonging to a person's [[genius]], as of a guild named in an inscription.^(OLD 2012) It is used of marriage, and ⟨lectus geniālis⟩ is the marriage bed, which Lewis & Short describe as placed in the atrium and dedicated to the genii of the couple;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Catullus has the couch of the goddess set in the middle of the house.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means festive, of good cheer: Virgil has golden bed-frames gleaming on high festive couches.^(OLD 2012) Of people it is jovial: Ovid bids farewell to the genial Muse of his elegies.^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary adds the sense of birth or generation.^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|genial]] dates from the 1560s, first meaning “of marriage”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the marriage bed.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of a marriage couch.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of festive couches.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a jovial Muse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1560s – English ''genial''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of a person's [[m|en|genius]] or guardian spirit.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of [[m|en|marriage]], nuptial;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''lectus geniālis'', the marriage bed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of birth or generation.^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|festive|alt=Festive]], of good cheer; of people, [[m|en|jovial]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[genialitas]]

+ * [[geniāliter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[geniātus]]

+ * [[genius]]

+ * [[en|genial]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}