raptus Latin · revision 32993

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *h₁rp-i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈrap.tʊs], [ˈrap.tuːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈrap.tus], [ˈrap.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''raptus''' ''m'' (genitive raptūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|rapiō|-tus|t1=to seize, snatch]], a verbal noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|rapiō]] to [[itc-pro|*rap-i-|t=to seize]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁rp-i-|t=to seize]], comparing [[grc|ἐρέπτομαι|tr=eréptomai|t=to devour, snatch away]] and [[lt|ap-rė́pti|t=to take, catch]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who writes of the abduction of Ganymede.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the act of snatching or tearing away: in Ovid one arm is torn off by Ino.^(OLD 2012) It is robbery or plunder, as Tacitus' seizing of crops and cattle, and the seizing of prey, as of beasts that live by it in Seneca.^(OLD 2012) It is carrying off, abduction, rape.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note a medical sense, a cramp or convulsion of the limbs, in Caelius Aurelianus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the law codes and charters of Medieval Latin it is rape and any violent act against a woman, and it also meant rapture.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Church Latin glosses it abduction, robbery.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the abduction of Ganymede.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of tearing away.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of seizing prey.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of plunder.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of snatching or tearing away; a violent jerk.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|robbery|alt=Robbery]], [[m|en|plunder]]; the seizing of prey.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Carrying off, [[m|en|abduction]], [[m|en|rape]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(medicine)'' A [[m|en|cramp]], convulsion.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|rapture|alt=Rapture]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[raptor]]

+ * [[rapio|alt=rapiō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Raptus'' is also the perfect passive participle of [[rapio|alt=rapiō]], “seized, snatched”.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) English [[m|en|rapt]], first “carried away in an ecstatic trance”, comes from the participle and dates from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}