saxeus Latin · revision 32967

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=la saxum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsak.se.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsak.se.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''saxeus''' (feminine saxea, neuter saxeum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|saxum|-eus|t1=rock, stone]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*saks-o-]] for [[m|la|saxum]]; it cannot come from the root of [[seco|alt=secō]] “to cut”, and a link with [[non|sax]] and [[goh|sahs|t=knife]] is doubtful.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Livius Andronicus,^(de Vaan 2008) whose tragedy has the Castalian spring falling over stony heaps.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is made of stone or rock, and ''imber saxeus'' is a shower of stones: Accius, quoted by Cicero, has a rocky mass, Lucretius stone enclosures and paved streets, and Ovid a rocky crag.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also coming from rock, as Virgil's rocky shade, and full of rocks, as Pacuvius' rocky temples of Bacchus.^(OLD 2012) The ''Bellum Africum'' has hail like stones, and Pliny the Younger calls anyone who does not wish to know a certain man stony and iron.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it stony.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus of stony heaps.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius of rocky temples.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of stone walls.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of rocky shade.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Made of [[m|en|stone]] or rock;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''imber saxeus'', a shower of stones.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Coming from rock; full of rocks, [[m|en|rocky]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Like stones in size or hardness.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' [[m|en|stony|alt=Stony]], unfeeling.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[saxum]]

+ * [[saxatilis|alt=saxātilis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}