mugio Latin · revision 32954

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=onomatopoeia|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *mū̆g-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈmuː.ɡi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈmuː.d͡ʒi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mūgiō''' (present infinitive mūgīre, perfect active mūgīvī or mūgiī, supine mūgītum); fourth conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is an imitation of a cow's lowing, which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*mūg-]] and [[ine-pro|*mū̆g-]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) He compares [[grc|μυκάομαι|tr=mūkáomai|t=to low, bellow]], [[m|grc|μύζω|tr=múzō|t=to mutter]] and [[hit|mūgae-|t=to invoke, entreat]], and perhaps Umbrian [[m|xum|mugatu]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The rhetorical handbook addressed to Herennius lists it among words made by imitating natural sounds.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro,^(de Vaan 2008) whose ''Menippean Satires'' say the ox lows, the sheep bleats.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to low, moo or bellow, of cattle: Livy has driven cattle lowing, and Juvenal's proverb mocks a man who thinks Agamemnon bellows when an ox is struck.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Petronius applies it to a bellowing poet.^(OLD 2012) Of things it is to make a deep loud noise, to roar or rumble: Virgil's tripod seemed to bellow from the opened shrine, Lucretius has a trumpet booming low.^(OLD 2012) Of a place it is to echo with lowing or groaning, as Statius' palace.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it to rumble, groan, bellow or low.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of the lowing ox.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a booming trumpet.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a bellowing tripod.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius of a palace echoing with groans.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # Of cattle, to [[m|en|low]], [[m|en|moo]], [[m|en|bellow]]; of people, to bellow.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of things, to roar, [[m|en|rumble]]; of instruments, to boom.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of a place, to echo with lowing or groaning.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[admūgiō]]

+ * [[circummūgiō]]

+ * [[dēmūgiō]]

+ * [[ēmūgiō]]

+ * [[immūgiō]]

+ * [[mūgīnor]]

+ * [[mūgītor]]

+ * [[mūgītus]]

+ * [[remūgiō]]

+ * [[mūgitō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mugitus|alt=mūgītus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The ''porta Mūgiōnis'' or ''Mūciōnis'' was an ancient gate of Rome on the Palatine, which Varro says was named from lowing.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}