barbatus Latin · revision 32951

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la barba}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [barˈbaː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [barˈbaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''barbātus''' (feminine barbāta, neuter barbātum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|barba|-ātus|t1=beard]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*farfā-|t=beard]] for [[m|la|barba]], with ⟨b-⟩ by assimilation; its cognates [[goh|bart]] and [[lt|barzdà]] have an ⟨*a⟩ that ablaut hardly explains, pointing to a non-Indo-European word borrowed into the European languages.^(de Vaan 2008) The adjective may go back to an old denominal formation shared with Balto-Slavic, or be an independent creation.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Plautus on,^(TLL) who uses it of a bearded man.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is bearded, of men: Cicero says Jupiter is always shown bearded and Apollo beardless.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It marks a philosopher, as Persius' bearded master, the men of old, as Cicero's ancients, bearded as it were, and adulthood: Horace mocks a bearded man who likes to ride a hobby-horse.^(OLD 2012) It is used of animals, as Varro's bearded mullet, and of things.^(OLD 2012) It was a very old Roman cognomen, borne by consuls of the Horatii and Quinctii in the 5th century BC.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) In Medieval Latin it is a lay brother who has not vowed to shave his beard.^(Niermeyer 1976) Its Romance descendants include Italian ''barbato'' and Spanish ''barbado''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a bearded man.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a bearded mullet.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of bearded Jupiter and of the bearded ancients.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 34–62 AD – Persius of a bearded philosopher.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Having a beard, [[m|en|bearded]]; of men of old, of philosophers, of adults.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of animals or things, bearded, tufted.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|lay brother]] who has not vowed to shave his beard.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[barbātulus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[barba]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}