ferratus Latin · revision 32933

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [fɛrˈraː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ferˈraː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ferrātus''' (feminine ferrāta, neuter ferrātum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ferrum|-ātus|t1=iron]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan takes [[m|la|ferrum]] as a loanword from an unidentified source, possibly a Phoenician dialect.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus;^(de Vaan 2008) the OLD's first quotation is Ennius' line on Discord breaking the iron-bound doorposts and gates of war, which Virgil imitated.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means bound or covered with iron, as Lucretius' and Virgil's iron-rimmed wheels, and tipped or studded with iron, as Virgil's iron-pointed stakes and Livy's iron-tipped spear.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of soldiers it is clad in armour: Horace has Claudius overthrow the armoured columns of the barbarians; jokingly it is chained.^(OLD 2012) Seneca uses it of water impregnated with iron.^(OLD 2012) Tacitus has ''ferrātī'' as a noun, armoured soldiers.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it ironclad, pointed, sharp.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of iron-bound doors.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of iron-rimmed wheels.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of armoured columns.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of iron-bearing water.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of armoured soldiers.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Bound or covered with iron; tipped or studded with iron.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Clad in [[m|en|armour]], armoured; jokingly, chained.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of water)'' Impregnated with iron, [[m|en|chalybeate]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''ferrātī'' (plural, as a noun): armoured soldiers.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[praeferrātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ferrum]]

+ * [[ferreus]]

+ * [[ferramentum|alt=ferrāmentum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}