peiero Latin · revision 32931

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpɛj.jɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpɛː.je.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''peierō''' (present infinitive peierāre, perfect active peierāvī, supine peierātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''peiierō'' (usual in Plautus), ''pēiūrō'', ''perierō'' and ''periūrō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD derives it from [[m|la|per-]] and [[m|la|iūrō|t=to swear]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL objects that the form ⟨peierāre⟩ cannot contain ⟨per⟩ or ⟨iūrāre⟩, and takes it as [[der|la|peior|t=worse]];^(TLL) Wiktionary likewise connects it with that word, originally “to debase oneself”, and says it was later reanalysed as ⟨periūrō⟩.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD notes the spelling ⟨peii-⟩ as usual in Plautus,^(OLD 2012) who also uses it of lying in general.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to swear falsely, perjure oneself: Cicero explains that swearing what is false is not always perjury, but not doing what one has sworn in the set form is.^(Lewis & Short 1879) With an accusative it is to swear falsely by: Lucan's man who swears falsely by the waters of the Styx, Pliny the Elder's people who swear falsely by Jupiter the Thunderer on the Capitol, and Catullus' Vatinius who swears falsely by his consulship.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Horace's ''iūs pēierātum'' is a false oath.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Plautus it also means simply to lie.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The Vulgate has the older form ''periūrō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero on false oaths.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of a false oath.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 39–65 AD – Lucan of swearing falsely by the Styx.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To swear falsely, [[m|en|perjure]] oneself.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To swear falsely by (a god, a thing).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Plautus)'' To lie.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[expeiūrō]]

+ * [[imperiūrātus]]

+ * [[peieratio]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iuro|alt=iūrō]]

+ * [[periurium|alt=periūrium]]

+ * [[peior]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}