pistor Latin · revision 32925

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *pi-n-s-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpiːs.tɔr], [ˈpɪs.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpis.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pī̆stor''' ''m'' (genitive pī̆stōris, feminine pī̆strīx); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|pīnsō|-tor|t1=to pound]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|pīnsō]] to [[itc-pro|*pins-|t=to grind]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*pi-n-s-|t=to grind]], comparing [[sa|पिनष्टि|tr=pináṣṭi|t=crushes, grinds]] and [[grc|πτίσσω|tr=ptíssō|t=to winnow, bray]].^(de Vaan 2008) Varro counts it among native Latin words.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it only of the miller who grinds grain.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was first the one who pounded spelt in a mortar or ground it in a hand-mill;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro says no one was called ''pistor'' except the man who pounded flour in the mill.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL notes that the pounders kept the name when they came to bake bread.^(TLL) Pliny the Elder says there were no bakers at Rome until the war with Perseus: the citizens made their own bread, which was women's work.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the classical period it is a baker, as in Varro's wish that your baker make good bread, and Cicero lists cooks, bakers and litter-bearers among common trades.^(Lewis & Short 1879) At Rome the bakers formed a guild.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It was a surname of Jupiter, who, when the Romans were besieged on the Capitol, gave them the idea of throwing bread at the Gauls as if they had plenty.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Martial and Petronius use it of pastry-cooks.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it baker.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of millers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of bakers among the trades.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of Jupiter Pistor.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder on the first bakers at Rome.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # One who pounds grain, a [[m|en|miller]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|baker]]; a pastry-cook.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''Pistor'': a surname of [[m|en|Jupiter]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pistōrius]]

+ * [[pī̆strīx]]

+ * [[pī̆strīnum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pinso|alt=pīnsō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}