incursio Latin · revision 32913

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius|origins=ine-pro *kr̥s-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋˈkʊr.si.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iŋˈkur.si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incursiō''' ''f'' (genitive incursiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|incurrō|-tiō|t1=to run against]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) [[m|la|incurrō]] is a compound of [[curro|alt=currō]] “to run”, which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*korse/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*kr̥s-e/o-|t=to run]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it first in Accius, then in Cicero, Caesar, Hirtius and Livy, who has it 23 times.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is an attack or assault, especially in war: Cicero writes of the onset and attack of armed men.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is an incursion, inroad or raid: Caesar has part of a province laid waste by raids, and Livy a people making a hostile raid into Roman territory.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also a striking against, a collision: Cicero, setting out Epicurean views, writes of images by whose impact we see and think, and of the collision of atoms.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it attack,^(Stelten 1995) and in Medieval Latin it is a fine imposed at discretion.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''incursion'' appears in the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses the word.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of an armed attack and of colliding atoms.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of raids on a province.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''incursion''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|attack]], assault, onset.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # An [[m|en|incursion]], inroad, [[m|en|raid]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A striking against, [[m|en|collision]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A discretionary fine, [[m|en|amercement]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[incurrō]]

+ * [[incursātiō]]

+ * [[incursitō]]

+ * [[incursō]]

+ * [[incursus]]

+ * [[en|incursion]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}