suffero Latin · revision 32909

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰer-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsʊf.fɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsuf.fe.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sufferō''' (present infinitive sufferre, perfect active sustulī, supine sublātum); third conjugation, suppletive^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''subf-''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its perfect ''sustulī'' and supine ''sublātum'' also serve as those of [[tollo|alt=tollō]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sub-|ferō|t2=to carry, bear]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces [[m|la|ferō]] to [[itc-pro|*fere/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰer-e/o-|t=to carry]], with Umbrian [[m|xum|fertu|t=to carry, bring]] among its Italic relatives.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ All its first quotations are in Plautus: a character offers his back in return for an injury, and another can scarcely bear his own panting.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to put or carry under, to offer or place at a person's disposal: Varro has a mother who cannot supply milk.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) In Plautus it seems also to mean to take a case before the praetor.^(OLD 2012) Mostly it is to submit to and endure punishment or hardship, and in negative contexts to hold out under it.^(OLD 2012) In legal Latin it is to tender the assessed value of a suit, and Arnobius uses it, rarely, of holding up or supporting.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it to suffer, bear.^(Stelten 1995) English ''suffer'', from the mid-13th century, came through Anglo-French ''suffrir'' and Old French ''sofrir'' from a Vulgar Latin variant of this verb.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of offering one's back and of enduring.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of supplying milk.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-13th century – English ''suffer'' via Anglo-French and Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put or carry under; to [[m|en|offer]], place at someone's disposal.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To submit to, [[m|en|endure]], [[m|en|suffer]]; to hold out under.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sufferentia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ferō]]

+ * [[tollo|alt=tollō]]

+ * [[en|suffer]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}