vexatio Latin · revision 32904

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la vexō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vexātiō''' ''f'' (genitive vexātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|vexō|-tiō|t1=to shake, harass]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan takes [[m|la|vexō]] as perhaps an iterative of a participle ⟨*vexus⟩ “moved” of [[veho|alt=vehō]], like [[flexo|alt=flexō]], or else as a separate s-present.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first quotation in the OLD is Cicero's, who wants to rescue the Vestal virgins from the cruellest harassment;^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it from Seneca.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a violent movement, shaking or jolting: Livy has men rolling forward with their arms and baggage amid every kind of jolting, Seneca says a tree is strengthened by being shaken, and Pliny the Elder and Petronius use it too.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is harsh or violent treatment, harassment and persecution, and the causing of distress or hardship: Cicero defines ''afflīctātiō'' as grief with bodily distress.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively Seneca says virtue is strengthened by constant trial.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it annoyance, trial or ill-treatment.^(Stelten 1995) English borrowed ''vexation'' about 1400, first as legal harassment.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of harassment and of bodily distress.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of jolting on a march.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of a tree strengthened by shaking and of virtue tried.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English ''vexation'' borrowed from Old French or Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Violent movement, [[m|en|agitation]], shaking, [[m|en|jolting]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Harsh treatment, [[m|en|harassment]], [[m|en|persecution]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|distress|alt=Distress]], hardship, trouble; a trial.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vexo|alt=vexō]]

+ * [[en|vexation]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}