concitatus Latin · revision 32897

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *(ḱ)ei(h₂)-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''concitātus''' (feminine concitāta, neuter concitātum, comparative concitātior, superlative concitātissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the perfect participle [[der|la|concitō|t=to set in rapid motion, stir up]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) That verb is [[m|la|con-]] with [[m|la|citō|t=to set in motion]], the frequentative of [[cieo|alt=cieō]] “to set moving”; de Vaan reconstructs a participle [[itc-pro|*kito-|t=stirred]] and an aorist [[ine-pro|*(ḱ)ei(h₂)-|t=to start to move]], comparing the aorist [[grc|ἔκιε|tr=ékie|t=started to move]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) whose ''De re publica'' says that the revolution of the starry sky is the swifter one.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Besides the senses of the verb, it is fast or rapid.^(OLD 2012) Of feelings and states of mind it is roused, vehement or violent: Valerius Maximus passes from a calm emotion to a more excited one.^(OLD 2012) Of style it is energetic and vehement, as Cicero's swift and vehement speech, and of actions excited, as Livy's shouting that grows more excited as the fight increases.^(OLD 2012) The TLL sets it beside ''excitātus'', ''īnstīgātus'' and ''īrātus'', of crowds and peoples stirred up.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the swift heavens and of vehement speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of excited shouting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|fast|alt=Fast]], [[m|en|rapid]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of feelings, roused, [[m|en|vehement]], violent; of style, energetic, impetuous; of actions, [[m|en|excited]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[concito|alt=concitō]]

+ * [[cieo|alt=cieō]]

+ * [[concitatio|alt=concitātiō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A rare fourth-declension noun ''concitātus'', ''-ūs'' “impulse, agitation” appears in Sidonius Apollinaris.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}