effringo Latin · revision 32889

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰr-n-ǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛfˈfrɪŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [efˈfriŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''effringō''' (present infinitive effringere, perfect active effrēgī, supine effrāctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''ecfringō'',^(OLD 2012) and Plautus has ''exfringō''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|frangō|t2=to break]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|frangō]] to [[itc-pro|*frang-]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*bʰr-n-ǵ-|t=to break]], comparing [[goh|brehhan|t=to break]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first quotation is in Plautus' ''Amphitruo'': you nearly broke the door off its hinges.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to break open doors and other barriers, and buildings or containers: Plautus and Terence have doors broken in, Cicero a door and temple doors, Sallust searching hidden places and breaking open locked ones.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Horace uses it of a chest, Tacitus of a prison, Suetonius of shops.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Quintilian says some think breaking a thing open more vigorous than opening it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also seems to mean to break in pieces, and, intransitively, to break out or burst forth, as of winds bursting from a cloud in Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a door broken off its hinges.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of doors broken in.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of temple doors.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of breaking open locked places.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of winds bursting out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|break]] open (doors, buildings, containers); to break off.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To break in pieces, [[m|en|smash]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To break out, [[m|en|burst]] forth.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[effractārius]]

+ * [[effractor]]

+ * [[effrāctūra]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[frango|alt=frangō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}