providus Latin · revision 32884

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *wid-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈproː.wɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈprɔː.vi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōvidus''' (feminine prōvida, neuter prōvidum, adverb prōvidē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prōvideō|-us|t1=to foresee, provide]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) [[m|la|prōvideō]] is from [[m|la|prō-]] and [[m|la|videō|t=to see]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*wid-ē-|t=to see]] and [[ine-pro|*wid-eh₁-|t=to see]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero, who writes of a mind that foresees the future.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is foreseeing, prophetic: Livy has an expectation that foresaw the future, Ovid an augur who foresees the truth.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) More often it is provident, exercising forethought: Cicero says that the hearers' ears guide the prudent and provident orator.^(OLD 2012) Of actions it means marked by foresight, as Ovid's provident care of a leader.^(OLD 2012) The TLL finds no comparative or superlative; forms of [[providens|alt=prōvidēns]] serve instead.^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it provident, cautious, prudent.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a foreseeing mind and of a provident orator.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of foresight.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a prophetic mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Having foreknowledge, [[m|en|prophetic]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Exercising foresight, [[m|en|provident]], [[m|en|prudent]], cautious; of actions, marked by forethought.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[provideo|alt=prōvideō]]

+ * [[providentia|alt=prōvidentia]]

+ * [[improvidus|alt=imprōvidus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}