bidens Latin · revision 32883

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius|origins=ine-pro *dwi-, ine-pro *h₃d-n̥t-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈbɪ.dẽːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈbiː.dens]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bidēns''' (genitive bidentis); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ The old form is ''duidēns'';^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Gellius cites ''bidennes'' for ''bidentes''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|bi-|dēns|t1=two|t2=tooth]], with the old form ⟨duidēns⟩ recorded in Paulus' epitome of Festus.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|bi-]] to [[ine-pro|*dwi-|t=two]] and [[m|la|dēns]] to [[ine-pro|*h₃d-n̥t-|t=tooth]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates the adjective from Accius, who has a two-pronged iron.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an adjective it means having two teeth or two prongs: Pomponius vows a boar with two permanent teeth to Mars, and the ''Ciris'' gives Scylla two-bladed shears.^(OLD 2012) As a feminine noun it is an animal for sacrifice, especially a sheep; the OLD quotes Laberius first.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary explains the name by the age of such a sheep, when its two front incisors have been replaced by larger permanent ones.^(Wiktionary) As a masculine noun it is a two-pronged hoe: Lucretius has men who groan over the heavy hoe.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that Cicero does not use it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Gellius cites the form ⟨bidennes⟩.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius of a two-pronged iron.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 106–43 BC – Laberius of a sacrificial animal.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a hoe.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Having two permanent teeth.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Having two prongs or points, two-pronged; of shears, two-bladed.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(feminine)'' An animal for [[m|en|sacrifice]], especially a [[m|en|sheep]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(masculine)'' A two-pronged [[m|en|hoe]] or [[m|en|mattock]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bidental]]

+ * [[bidentālis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dens|alt=dēns]]

+ * [[tridens|alt=tridēns]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}