exhortor Latin · revision 32869

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la hortor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈsɔr.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eɡˈzɔr.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exhortor''' (present infinitive exhortārī, perfect active exhortātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ An active form ''exhortō'' also occurs.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|hortor|t2=to urge, encourage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Etymonline traces [[m|la|hortor]] to [[ine-pro|*gʰer-|t=to like, want]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL dates it from Virgil.^(TLL) In the OLD's earliest quotation, from the ''Aeneid'', riders urge on their horses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it poetic and post-Augustan prose: Ovid has it of encouraging fearful people.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca uses it of fostering virtues, as he would lash vices.^(OLD 2012) Besides the deponent there is an active ⟨exhortō⟩, as in Petronius, and Augustine and Apuleius have passive forms.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Manuscripts of the Bible and late writers spell it ⟨exort-⟩.^(TLL) English [[m|en|exhort]] comes from it, around 1400, partly through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of urging on horses.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of encouraging the fearful.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of fostering virtues.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius has the active form.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English [[m|en|exhort|alt=exhort]] is formed from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|encourage]], urge on, [[m|en|incite]]; to [[m|en|exhort]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To foster virtues and the like.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exhortātiō]]

+ * [[exhortātīvus]]

+ * [[exhortātor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[adhortor]]

+ * [[cohortor]]

+ * [[dehortor]]

+ * [[hortor]]

+ * [[inhortor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}