grate Latin · revision 32868

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *gʷr̥H-to-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɡraː.teː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɡraː.te]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''grātē''' (comparative grātius, superlative grātissimē)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|grātus|-ē|t1=pleasing; grateful]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|grātus]] to [[itc-pro|*gʷrāto-|t=grateful]] and [[ine-pro|*gʷr̥H-to-|t=praised in a song]], with cognates in Oscan [[m|osc|brateis|t=of grace]] and [[sa|गृणाति|tr=gṛṇā́ti|t=to praise, welcome]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010) In the OLD's first quotation Cicero asks what someone has done dutifully, what gratefully.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is either with gratitude or with pleasure: Cicero writes that the wise man gladly remembers the past.^(OLD 2012) Objectively it is pleasantly: Pliny the Elder says that a seed gives bread a most pleasant flavour.^(OLD 2012) Later writers use it of acting in a thankful or fitting way, as in the ''Digest'', Ausonius and Augustine.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of acting gratefully and of remembering gladly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of a pleasant flavour.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 533 AD – The ''Digest'' uses it.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # With [[m|en|gratitude]], [[m|en|gratefully]], thankfully.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With pleasure, gladly, [[m|en|willingly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Pleasantly, [[m|en|agreeably]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[grātēs]]

+ * [[grātia]]

+ * [[gratus|alt=grātus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}