incitatus Latin · revision 32866

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la cieō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incitātus''' (feminine incitāta, neuter incitātum; comparative incitātior, superlative incitātissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the past participle [[der|la|incitō|t=to set in rapid motion, rouse]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) [[m|la|incitō]] is formed from [[m|la|in-]] and [[m|la|citō|t=to set in motion]], which de Vaan derives from [[m|la|cieō|t=to stir]] and ultimately from [[ine-pro|*(ḱ)ei(h₂)-|t=to start to move]].^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010) Cicero speaks of the turbulent movements and violent agitations of the mind.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is fast-moving, rushing: Seneca writes that a comet burns the more, the faster the wind.^(OLD 2012) Of people it is excited or excitable: Asinius Pollio writes to Cicero that he only just held back a legion stirred up to the highest degree.^(OLD 2012) Of emotions and pain it is violent or intense, and of style or action marked by vigour: Cicero says that an orator had nothing grand or vigorous in his diction.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of violent emotions and of a style without vigour.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of a fast wind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Fast-moving, [[m|en|rapid]], rushing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of people, excited, roused; [[m|en|excitable]], passionate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of emotions or pain, violent, intense; of style or action, marked by [[m|en|vehemence]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[incito|alt=incitō]]

+ * [[cito|alt=citō]]

+ * [[cieo|alt=cieō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis & Short also record a noun ''incitātus'', ''-ūs'', rapid motion, as a manuscript reading in Pliny the Elder for ''incitus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}