sursum Latin · revision 32864

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=la vertō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsuːr.sũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsur.sum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sūrsum''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also found as ''sūsum'', ''sursus'' and ''sūsus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ An inscription has ''sursuorsum''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sub-|vorsum|t2=turned towards]], a contracted form.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|vorsum]] is an adverb from the root of [[m|la|vertō|t=to turn]], which de Vaan traces to [[ine-pro|*wert-|t=to turn]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Naevius.^(Köbler 2010) In the OLD's earliest quotation, from Naevius, a king raises his hands up to heaven.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is upwards, often in contrast with [[deorsum]], and is strengthened as ⟨sursum versus⟩: Plautus has ⟨sursum vorsum⟩.^(OLD 2012) It also means above, on high: Varro contrasts people living in the lowlands with those living up in the hills.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short call it classical and very frequent.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cato has the form ⟨sūsum⟩, Lucretius ⟨sursus⟩, and Augustine and Lactantius ⟨sūsum⟩ again.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the liturgy ⟨sursum corda⟩ is the call “lift up your hearts”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius of hands raised to heaven.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has ''sursum vorsum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato has the form ''susum''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of people living on high ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|upwards|alt=Upwards]], up;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''sursum versus'', upwards.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Above, on high.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' ''sursum corda'', lift up your hearts.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēsūrsum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[deorsum]]

+ * [[versus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}