tortor Latin · revision 32861

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *torkʷ-eye-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tortor''' ''m'' (genitive tortōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|torqueō|-tor|t1=to twist; to torture]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces [[m|la|torqueō]] to [[itc-pro|*torkʷ-eje-|t=to twist]] and the causative [[ine-pro|*torkʷ-eye-|t=to twist]].^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary derives it instead from [[m|la|tortūra]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the OLD's earliest quotation Cicero describes a time when the torturer and the instruments of torture themselves were worn out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates it from Horace.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a torturer or executioner, in Cicero, Horace, Seneca and Juvenal.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Suetonius reports the saying that Caesar was indeed Apollo, but Apollo the Tormentor, a title under which the god was worshipped in one part of Rome.^(OLD 2012) Lucan has the Balearic whirler of the sling, and Fronto calls teachers of logic contortionists who bend a pupil like a fir tree.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it tormentor, torturer.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a torturer.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius of Apollo the Tormentor.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 100–170 AD – Fronto of teachers of logic.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|torturer]], tormentor, [[m|en|executioner]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A title of [[m|en|Apollo]] at Rome.^(OLD 2012)

+ # One who whirls a sling.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Figuratively, one who bends or twists.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[torqueo|alt=torqueō]]

+ * [[tormentum]]

+ * [[tortura|alt=tortūra]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}