penetrale Latin · revision 32855

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *pen-os}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''penetrāle''' ''n'' (genitive penetrālis); third declension; often in the plural, ''penetrālia''^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a noun use of the neuter of the adjective, [[der|la|penetrālis|t=inner, innermost]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) The adjective is formed on [[m|la|penetrō|t=to go into]], which de Vaan thinks was made from [[m|la|penitus|t=from within]] on the model of [[m|la|intrō]] beside [[m|la|intus]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) He derives this family from [[m|la|penus|t=provisions]], from [[ine-pro|*pen-os|t=food]]: what one feeds on became the place where one feeds, the interior of the house.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates the noun from Varro.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the inner part or inmost recess of a building or region: Livy calls the prytaneum the inner part of a city, and Seneca has an ancient grove, the heart of a kingdom.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is the hidden depths, as of the mind in Statius.^(OLD 2012) In particular it is the inner shrine of a temple, where Livy says the pledge of Roman rule was kept, and the shrine of the household gods, the Penates; by extension it is a household or home, as in Ovid.^(OLD 2012) The plural often has the sense of the singular.^(OLD 2012) In medieval Latin ⟨penetrālia mentis⟩ or ⟨cordis⟩ is the heart of hearts, the conscience.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of the inner part of a city and of an inner shrine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a home.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius of the depths of the mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The inner part, inmost [[m|en|recess]] of a building or region; figuratively, the secret depths.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The innermost part of a temple, an inner [[m|en|shrine]], [[m|en|sanctuary]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # The shrine of the household gods, the Penates; a household, home.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' ''penetrālia mentis, cordis'', the heart of hearts, the [[m|en|conscience]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[penetralis|alt=penetrālis]]

+ * [[penetro|alt=penetrō]]

+ * [[penitus]]

+ * [[penus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}