callis Latin · revision 32854

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkal.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkal.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''callis''' ''m'' or f (genitive callis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*kaln/si-]] with a question mark.^(de Vaan 2008) Walde and Hofmann posit ⟨*kalnis⟩ and reject a connection with [[m|la|callum|t=hard skin]]; de Vaan finds that connection quite plausible in meaning, a rough, trodden track.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary reports the traditional derivation from [[ine-pro|*kel-|t=to drive]], comparing [[m|la|celer|t=swift]].^(Wiktionary) The TLL suggests Irish [[m|ga|caill|t=wood]], and the OLD compares a Bulgarian word.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012) Servius and Isidore derived it from [[m|la|callum]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Accius.^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan dates it from Varro, besides inscriptions.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a rough track or path, as in a law inscription about driving cattle on tracks and public roads.^(OLD 2012) In the plural it is upland pasture: Cicero tells of a quarrel among shepherds in the hill pastures.^(OLD 2012) In particular the ⟨silvae callēsque⟩ were public pastures of Italy, assigned each year to a magistrate as his province, as to a quaestor in Tacitus.^(OLD 2012) It is masculine, but Varro, Livy, Curtius and Ammianus make it feminine.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it a footpath, narrow way, and in medieval Latin it is a road and a street.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of hill pastures.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of the public pastures as a quaestor's province.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A rough track, [[m|en|path]], [[m|en|footpath]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # In the plural, upland or mountain [[m|en|pasture]]; the public pastures of Italy.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A road, [[m|en|highway]]; a street.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[callum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}