fuscus Latin · revision 32853

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *dʰus-ko-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfʊs.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfus.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fuscus''' (feminine fusca, neuter fuscum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*fusko-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*dʰus-ko-|t=dark-coloured]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan notes that the suffix ⟨-ko-⟩ marked physical traits of people, as in [[m|la|cascus]] and [[m|la|mancus]];^(de Vaan 2008) Ernout and Meillet therefore think it was first said of people, unlike [[m|la|furvus]].^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD compares [[ang|dox|t=fawn-coloured]] and English [[m|en|dusk]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro.^(de Vaan 2008) Varro describes a foal's dark mane.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is dark, dusky: Cicero calls a cheap purple almost dark.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of people it is dark-skinned, swarthy, as Virgil's Amyntas, and Tibullus has dark men scorched by India's sun.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Martial uses it of a dim room, and Cicero of a husky voice.^(OLD 2012) Apuleius has it of menial, drab work.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it black, and in medieval Latin it is used as a noun for a man of colour.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a foal's mane.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a dark purple and of a husky voice.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a swarthy man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial of a dim room.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|dark|alt=Dark]], [[m|en|dusky]], sombre; of people, dark-skinned, [[m|en|swarthy]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Ill-lit, dim.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of the voice, [[m|en|husky]], hoarse.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Lowly, menial, drab.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fuscitās]]

+ * [[fuscō]]

+ * [[infuscus]]

+ * [[subfuscus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[furvus]]

+ * [[en|dusk]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ As a surname, ''Fuscus'' was borne by Aristius Fuscus, a friend of Horace.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}