immunitas Latin · revision 32848

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la mūnus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪmˈmuː.nɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [imˈmuː.ni.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''immūnitās''' ''f'' (genitive immūnitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inmūnitās''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|immūnis|-tās|t1=exempt, free]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|immūnis]] is formed from [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and the stem of [[m|la|mūnus|t=duty, obligation]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*moini-|t=duty, obligation, task]]; its Indo-European source, perhaps meaning exchange, is uncertain.^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the OLD's earliest quotation Cicero asks what exemption from tax, what citizenship, what reward someone has not sold.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is exemption from taxes or tribute, and more widely from any public service, burden or duty: Caesar writes that the Druids are exempt from military service and all other burdens.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero has the rare genitive plural ⟨immūnitātium⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the Frankish kingdoms it was the privilege of immunity: first exemption from public charges, then a ban on royal agents entering the privileged estate.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|immunity]] comes from it, partly through Old French, from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of exemption from tax.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of the Druids' exemption from all burdens.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * medieval – The Frankish privilege of immunity.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|immunity|alt=immunity]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|exemption|alt=Exemption]] from taxes or tribute.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Exemption from any public service, burden or duty, [[m|en|immunity]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The privilege of immunity of an estate from royal officials.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[immunis|alt=immūnis]]

+ * [[munus|alt=mūnus]]

+ * [[en|immunity]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}