pridem Latin · revision 32846

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *prī̆}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpriː.dẽː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpriː.dem]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prīdem''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from an old adverb ⟨prī⟩, “before”, and the suffix [[m|la|-dem]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL calls it surely related to [[m|la|prior]] and [[m|la|prīstinus]], but whether ⟨prī-dem⟩ or ⟨*prīs-dem⟩ is the original form is uncertain.^(TLL) De Vaan builds this family on [[itc-pro|*prī̆|t=before]], which may go back to [[ine-pro|*pr(e)i|t=before]], though its ancestry is unclear; he compares [[grc|πρίν|tr=prín|t=before]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) In the OLD's earliest quotation, from Plautus, someone has long since watched comic actors speak wise words.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is some time ago, formerly, already, and once in the past: in Plautus a barber once cut someone's nails.^(OLD 2012) ⟨Quam prīdem⟩ asks how long or how long ago, and ⟨iam prīdem⟩, also written as one word, is long ago or for a long time now.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it long ago, formerly.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus in all its uses.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero tells Catiline he should long ago have been led to death.^(Döderlein 1874)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus has Seneca ask for a poison prepared long before.^(Döderlein 1874)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Some time ago, [[m|en|formerly]], previously; on some occasion in the past.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''quam prīdem'', for how long? how long ago?^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''iam prīdem'', long ago; for a long time now.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iamprīdem]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pridie|alt=prīdiē]]

+ * [[prior]]

+ * [[pristinus|alt=prīstinus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[diu]] and [[dudum]]: ''prīdem'' marks a point of time long past, while the other two mark a stretch of time, ''diu'' of days, months or years, ''dudum'' of minutes or hours.^(Döderlein 1874) So ''iam prīdem mortuus est'' means that someone died long ago, but ''iam diū mortuus est'' that he has long been dead.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}