campestris Latin · revision 32833

20 Oct 2026, 03:34 by bogdan “Latin la10k la75zh b04” current version
Initial text

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=itc-pro *kampo-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * Classical: [kamˈpɛs.trɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * Ecclesiastical: [kamˈpɛs.tris]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''campestris''' (neuter campestre); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ The masculine nominative is ''campestris'' in Cato and Columella and ''campester'' in Varro.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|campus|-ester|t1=plain, field]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan traces [[m|la|campus]] to [[itc-pro|*kampo-|t=field]]; he finds its ⟨ca-⟩ hard to explain and thinks it could be a European substrate word of farming.^(de Vaan 2008)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ In the OLD's earliest quotation Cato says that the land of the Aborigines was mostly level.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It is flat, level, and then of the plains: Horace has the Scythians of the plains, Caesar a route over open country and fortifications on the plain.^(OLD 2012) Columella uses it of field varieties of plants.^(OLD 2012) It is also of the Campus Martius at Rome, as a place of exercise in Cicero and of elections: Cicero speaks of a very profitable electoral trade.^(OLD 2012) Inscriptions use it as a title of country gods, especially in Gaul, as Mars Campestris.^(OLD 2012) In New Latin it is a common specific epithet of plants and animals.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of level land.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of exercise in the Campus Martius.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of routes over the plain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of the Scythians of the plains.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Flat, [[m|en|level]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Living on, lying on or crossing a [[m|en|plain]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # Of plants, growing in fields.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of the Campus Martius: of exercise there; electoral.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # As a title of country gods.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(New Latin)'' Used as a specific epithet.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[campus]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}