mitra Latin · revision 32829

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius|origins=grc μίτρα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈmɪ.tra], [ˈmɪt.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈmiː.tra], [ˈmit.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mitra''' ''f'' (genitive mitrae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Manuscripts sometimes spell it ''mithra'', rarely ''metra''.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|μίτρα|tr=mítra|t=girdle, headband, turban]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler calls the further origin of the Greek word unclear.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Lucilius.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is an Eastern headdress fastened with ribbons under the chin.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short describe it as a headband or turban of the Asiatics, worn in Greece and Rome only by women and sometimes by effeminate young men: Cicero mocks Clodius for his saffron gown and mitra.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Juvenal has a prostitute with a painted foreign mitra, and Propertius gives it to Bacchus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro lists it among head coverings that came later with Greek names.^(TLL) Servius says the Phrygians and Lydians wore it, a curved cap with flaps over the cheeks.^(TLL) Poets scan the first syllable long, except Afranius, Statius, the poem on Jonah and Prudentius.^(TLL) Jerome notes that the Hebrew word for the priest's headdress is commonly rendered by it.^(TLL) In Late Latin it is also a rope.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Niermeyer records medieval senses: a woman's headgear, a nun's veil, the mitre of the Hebrew high priest, and the mitre of bishops and especially of the pope.^(Niermeyer 1976) Church Latin glosses it mitre, bonnet, headdress.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of Clodius' headdress.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal of a prostitute's headdress.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 383–419/420 AD – Jerome of the Hebrew priest's headdress.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An Eastern [[m|en|headdress]] tied under the chin; a [[m|en|turban]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' A rope.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The headdress of the Hebrew high priest; a [[m|en|mitre]] of a bishop or the pope; a nun's headgear.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mitella]]

+ * [[mitrātus]]

+ * [[mitrula]]

+ * [[sēmimitra]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}