pugio Latin · revision 32817

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius|origins=ine-pro *pu-n(e)-g/k-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpuː.ɡi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpuː.d͡ʒi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pūgiō''' ''m'' (genitive pūgiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|pungō|-iō|t1=to prick, stab]], from the root seen in its perfect ⟨pupugī⟩, with an old lengthened vowel.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces the root to [[itc-pro|*pung-|t=to pierce, sting]] and [[ine-pro|*pu-n(e)-g/k-]], comparing [[grc|πύξ|tr=púx|t=with the fist]].^(de Vaan 2008) Paul the Deacon's Festus explains that it is so called because it is used to fight by stabbing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Lucilius, de Vaan from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a short stabbing weapon, a dagger: Cicero tells how Brutus, as soon as Caesar was killed, raised his bloody dagger high.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Tacitus and Suetonius use it of stabbing and of the daggers drawn against Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Emperors wore it as a sign of their power of life and death, and so did the praetorian prefect.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The OLD notes the post ⟨ā pugiōne⟩ held by Cleander, a freedman of Commodus.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein distinguishes it as an openly carried soldier's weapon from ⟨sīca⟩, the hidden weapon of the bandit.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it sword, dagger.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of Brutus' bloody dagger.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius of the emperor's dagger.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|dagger]], poniard, short stabbing weapon.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pūgiunculus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pungo|alt=pungō]]

+ * [[pugnus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}